Igapo Forest is a type of rain forest as the vegetation can well survive constantly in wet conditions. These forests occur in those regions where the annual rainfall reaches above 2,000 millimeters and occurs all through the year.
The Igapó Forests are usually flooded forests found along the banks of the lower Amazon basin as here a large forest area is inundated. When flood occurs in the Amazon’s tributaries after heavy rains, the water flows downstream in the Amazonian lowlands and forms swamp or igapó due to insufficient drainage facility. The Igapó Forest are very swampy areas and remain flooded permanently in these lower Amazon basin.
Igapó forests are very common in low-lying river basins of Amazon in Brazil and even located in the middle of upland forest. Igapo forest are terra firma forest or in other word forest that is inundated by black water rivers The plant species that survive in the Igapo Forest are well adapted to live in a state of submersion for a very long period of time.
Igapó forests are either submerged seasonally or permanently. Igapó forests swamp forests are located in sub tropical climate zones in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. The waterlogged soils of these avert the woody debris from decomposing as a thick layer of peat is created on the walls of the woody trees as a method of adaptation to its surrounding environment.
The igapo (inundated) forest area is poorly developed and has a very strong existence of aquatic plants. The most common plant species in this region are the Cyperaceac pollen and the Poaceae pollen and colonized by different types of herbs that survive in these regions.